Korean Particle 을/를: Object Marker

Marks the direct object. Use 을 after consonant, 를 after vowel.

The Rule

Marks the direct object. Use 을 after consonant, 를 after vowel. Particles are the backbone of Korean grammar. Unlike English, which relies on word order to show who does what, Korean uses small markers attached directly to nouns. 을/를 is one of the most fundamental particles you'll encounter, and understanding it correctly will dramatically improve your Korean comprehension.

Why English Speakers Get It Wrong

English doesn't have particles like 을/를. In English, word order and prepositions do the job — "I gave the book to him" uses position and "to" to clarify meaning. Korean particles attach directly to nouns and change the grammatical role, which feels alien at first. The biggest confusion comes from trying to translate particles one-to-one with English prepositions. 을/를 doesn't map neatly to any single English word. Instead, think of it as a grammatical tag that tells you the noun's role in the sentence.

How It Works

Marks the direct object. Use 을 after consonant, 를 after vowel. 을/를 attaches directly after a noun with no space. If the noun ends in a consonant (받침), the form may change — this is called "받침 sensitivity" and it's a pattern you'll see across Korean grammar. Pay attention to how native speakers use 을/를 in real conversations. You'll start noticing patterns quickly.

Real Examples

• 밥을 먹어요. (bapeur meokeoyo.) — "I eat rice." [밥 ends in ㅂ → 을] • 영화를 봐요. (yeonghwareur bwayo.) — "I watch a movie." [영화 ends in vowel → 를] • 한국어를 공부해요. (hangukeoreur gongbuhaeyo.) — "I study Korean." [어 ends in vowel → 를]

Common Mistakes

❌ 밥를 먹어요. (bapreur meokeoyo.) ✅ 밥을 먹어요. (bapeur meokeoyo.) → 밥 ends in ㅂ (consonant), so use 을.

Quick Tip

Practice by labeling objects around you with 을/를. Say the noun + particle out loud until it feels natural. When reading Korean, circle every 을/를 you see and ask yourself WHY it was used there — this active reading habit builds intuition faster than memorizing rules.

Remember: Marks the direct object. Use 을 after consonant, 를 after vowel.

Examples

밥을 먹어요. — bapeur meokeoyo. — I eat rice.

영화를 봐요. — yeonghwareur bwayo. — I watch a movie.

한국어를 공부해요. — hangukeoreur gongbuhaeyo. — I study Korean.