영어 수동태 마스터: 수동태 + 전치사 관용 표현
be + p.p. + 특정 전치사 조합은 통째로 외워야 하는 관용 표현이다
Category: 수동태 (Passive Voice)
수동태 + 전치사 관용 표현이란?
영어에는 'be + p.p. + 특정 전치사'로 이루어진 관용 표현이 많습니다. 이들은 수동태에서 출발했지만, 현대 영어에서는 거의 형용사처럼 사용됩니다. 📌 왜 중요한가? 이 표현들은 전치사를 틀리면 의미가 완전히 달라지거나 비문이 됩니다. 예시: • be interested in (관심 있는) ≠ be interested at (✗) • be made of (재료 — 원형 유지) ≠ be made from (재료 — 원형 변형) • be known for (이유) ≠ be known as (자격/지위) 📌 수동태 관용 표현의 특징: 1. 전치사가 고정되어 있음 (암기 필요) 2. 형용사적 용법으로 굳어진 경우 많음 3. by가 아닌 다른 전치사 사용 4. 일상·학술·비즈니스에서 매우 빈번 이 단원에서는 가장 자주 사용되는 수동태 + 전치사 관용 표현을 체계적으로 학습합니다.
한국어 화자의 전치사 간섭 문제
한국어에는 전치사 개념이 없으므로(조사로 대체), 한국어 화자들은 영어 전치사를 직감적으로 선택하기 어렵습니다. ❌ 대표적 실수: • ✗ interested about → ✓ interested in • ✗ surprised for → ✓ surprised at/by • ✗ satisfied for → ✓ satisfied with • ✗ worried for → ✓ worried about • ✗ made by wood → ✓ made of wood • ✗ known by her beauty → ✓ known for her beauty 💡 왜 이런 실수가 생길까? 한국어 '~에 관심있다'의 '에'를 at/about/for 등으로 변환하려 합니다. 하지만 영어에서는 각 형용사/분사마다 짝이 되는 전치사가 정해져 있습니다. 📌 학습 전략: • 단어 하나로 외우지 말고, '덩어리(chunk)'로 외우세요 • interested → interested in (세트로 암기) • known → known for / known as / known to (전치사별 의미 구분)
감정·심리 상태: be + p.p. + 전치사
감정을 나타내는 수동태 관용 표현과 각각의 전치사를 정리합니다. 📌 관심/흥미: • be interested in: I'm interested in history. (~에 관심있다) • be fascinated by/with: She's fascinated by astronomy. (~에 매혹되다) • be absorbed in: He was absorbed in his work. (~에 몰두하다) 📌 놀라움: • be surprised at/by: I was surprised at the news. (~에 놀라다) • be amazed at/by: We were amazed at the view. (~에 놀라다) • be shocked by/at: She was shocked by his behavior. (~에 충격받다) 📌 만족/불만: • be satisfied with: Are you satisfied with the result? (~에 만족하다) • be pleased with: I'm pleased with your progress. (~에 기쁘다) • be disappointed with/in: I'm disappointed in you. (~에 실망하다) • be frustrated with/by: She's frustrated with the system. (~에 좌절하다) 📌 걱정/두려움: • be worried about: I'm worried about the exam. (~을 걱정하다) • be concerned about: She's concerned about her health. (~을 걱정하다) • be scared of/by: He's scared of spiders. (~을 무서워하다) • be frightened of/by: They were frightened by the noise. (~에 겁먹다)
관계·상태: be + p.p. + 전치사
관계나 상태를 나타내는 수동태 관용 표현들: 📌 알려짐/유명함: • be known for: She is known for her singing. (~으로 유명하다) • be known as: He is known as "The King." (~으로 알려지다) • be known to: The fact is known to everyone. (~에게 알려지다) • be famous for: Paris is famous for the Eiffel Tower. 📌 구성/재료: • be made of: The table is made of wood. (재료 원형 유지) • be made from: Wine is made from grapes. (재료 변형됨) • be made up of: Water is made up of H and O. (~으로 구성되다) • be composed of: The team is composed of 10 members. • be filled with: The room was filled with smoke. (~으로 가득 차다) • be covered with/in: The ground was covered with snow. 📌 관련/연결: • be associated with: Smoking is associated with cancer. (~과 관련있다) • be connected to/with: The device is connected to the internet. • be related to: This issue is related to the previous one. (~과 관련있다) • be involved in: He was involved in the accident. (~에 연루되다) • be based on: The movie is based on a true story. (~에 기초하다)
동작·처리: be + p.p. + 전치사
동작이나 처리를 나타내는 관용 표현들: 📌 제공/장비: • be equipped with: The car is equipped with GPS. (~을 갖추다) • be provided with: Students are provided with textbooks. (~을 제공받다) • be supplied with: The hospital is supplied with medicine. 📌 비교/분류: • be compared to/with: Life is often compared to a journey. (~에 비유되다) • be divided into: The book is divided into 10 chapters. (~으로 나뉘다) • be classified as: This is classified as confidential. (~으로 분류되다) 📌 영향/원인: • be affected by: The crops were affected by the drought. (~에 영향받다) • be caused by: The fire was caused by a short circuit. (~에 의해 발생하다) • be influenced by: I was influenced by her ideas. (~에 영향받다) • be impressed by/with: I was impressed by her speech. (~에 감동받다) 📌 제한/의무: • be limited to: Parking is limited to 2 hours. (~으로 제한되다) • be restricted to: Access is restricted to employees. (~으로 제한되다) • be devoted to: She is devoted to her family. (~에 헌신하다) • be dedicated to: The book is dedicated to his wife. (~에 바쳐지다) • be committed to: We are committed to quality. (~에 전념하다)
made of vs made from vs made with: 구분법
'만들어진'을 표현하는 3가지 전치사의 미묘한 차이를 집중 학습합니다. 📌 be made of: 재료의 원래 형태가 보일 때 • The chair is made of wood. (나무 형태가 보임) • The ring is made of gold. (금 형태가 보임) • The wall is made of brick. (벽돌이 보임) 📌 be made from: 재료가 변형되어 원형을 알 수 없을 때 • Paper is made from wood. (나무 → 종이로 완전 변형) • Wine is made from grapes. (포도 → 와인으로 변형) • Butter is made from milk. (우유 → 버터로 변형) 📌 be made with: 요리의 재료/성분 • This soup is made with chicken and vegetables. • The cake was made with organic flour. • Is this made with real chocolate? 📌 be made up of: 구성 요소 • The team is made up of 15 members. • The human body is made up of trillions of cells. 📌 be made in: 제조 장소 • This phone was made in Korea. • Made in Italy (제조국 표시) 💡 시험 빈출: 'of'와 'from'의 구분은 TOEIC, 공무원 시험의 단골 문제입니다.
연습문제: 올바른 전치사 선택
【초급】 빈칸에 적절한 전치사를 넣으세요. 1. I'm interested _____ learning Japanese. → in 2. The table is made _____ wood. → of 3. She was surprised _____ the result. → at/by 4. We're worried _____ the weather. → about 【중급】 올바른 전치사를 고르세요. 5. Korea is known (for / as / to) its technology. → for 6. He is known (for / as / to) a great leader. → as 7. The movie is based (on / in / at) real events. → on 8. The class is divided (to / into / by) three groups. → into 9. Wine is made (of / from / with) grapes. → from 10. I was impressed (by / to / for) her performance. → by 【고급】 두 문장의 의미 차이를 설명하세요. 11. (a) He is known for his cooking. / (b) He is known as a great chef. → (a) 요리로 유명하다 (이유) / (b) 훌륭한 요리사로 알려져 있다 (자격) 12. (a) I'm disappointed with the result. / (b) I'm disappointed in you. → (a) 결과에 실망 / (b) 너(사람)에게 실망
FAQ & 핵심 요약
Q1: 'interested in'인지 'interested about'인지 어떻게 외우나요? A: '덩어리(chunk)'로 외우세요. 예문 하나를 통째로 암기하면 자연스럽게 전치사가 따라옵니다. "I'm interested in..."을 100번 말하면 about은 입에서 안 나옵니다. Q2: 'surprised at'과 'surprised by'의 차이는? A: 거의 같습니다. 'at'은 미국 영어에서 더 자연스럽고, 'by'는 행위자를 강조할 때 사용합니다. "surprised at the news" / "surprised by his behavior" Q3: 이 표현들이 '진짜 수동태'인가요 '형용사'인가요? A: 둘 다입니다. 기원은 수동태(interested = interest의 p.p.)이지만, 현대 영어에서는 형용사로 굳어졌습니다. 문법적으로는 'be + 형용사(보어)'로 분석하는 게 더 적절한 경우가 많습니다. 📋 핵심 요약: 1️⃣ 수동태 관용 표현 = be + p.p. + 고정 전치사 2️⃣ 전치사를 바꾸면 의미가 달라짐 (known for ≠ known as) 3️⃣ 감정(in/at/with/about), 재료(of/from), 관계(to/with) 패턴 암기 4️⃣ 덩어리(chunk)로 외우는 것이 가장 효과적 5️⃣ made of(원형 유지) vs made from(원형 변형) vs made with(요리 재료)
Examples
그녀는 한국 문화에 깊이 관심이 있다. — She is deeply interested in Korean culture.
산이 짙은 안개로 덮여 있었다. — The mountain was covered with thick fog.
일본은 기술로 유명하다. — Japan is known for its technology.
치즈는 우유로 만들어진다. — Cheese is made from milk.
현재 직업에 만족하세요? — Are you satisfied with your current job?
Common Mistakes
Incorrect: I'm interested about Korean food. → Correct: I'm interested in Korean food.. interested 뒤에는 about이 아닌 in을 씁니다.
Incorrect: She is known with her kindness. → Correct: She is known for her kindness.. known 뒤에는 with가 아닌 for를 씁니다.
Incorrect: The desk is made from wood. → Correct: The desk is made of wood.. 원료가 눈에 보이는 경우(나무 책상) made of를 씁니다.
Quiz
I'm very ___ the exam results.
be worried about이 올바른 전치사 조합입니다.
The city is ___ its beautiful beaches.
be known for(~로 유명한)가 올바른 표현입니다.