영어 수동태 마스터: 수동태 + to부정사: be expected to, be allowed to
수동태 뒤에 to부정사가 오는 구문(be expected/allowed/required to)을 정리한다
Category: 수동태 (Passive Voice)
수동태 + to부정사 구조란?
영어에서 'be + p.p. + to 동사원형' 구조는 기대·허가·요청·의무 등을 격식적으로 표현합니다. 📌 기본 구조: 주어 + be + p.p. + to + 동사원형 핵심 동사들: • be expected to: ~할 것으로 예상된다 • be allowed to: ~해도 된다 (허가) • be required to: ~해야 한다 (의무) • be asked to: ~하도록 요청받다 • be told to: ~하라고 들었다 • be supposed to: ~하기로 되어 있다 • be considered to: ~로 여겨지다 • be reported to: ~라고 보도되다 • be believed to: ~라고 믿어지다 예시: • You are expected to arrive on time. (정시 도착이 기대됩니다) • Students are not allowed to use phones. (휴대폰 사용이 허락되지 않습니다) • All employees are required to attend. (전 직원 참석 필수) 이 구조는 규칙·안내문·뉴스에서 특히 자주 사용됩니다.
한국어 화자의 to부정사 수동태 실수
한국어에서 '~할 것으로 예상된다', '~하도록 허락받다'를 영어로 옮길 때 구조적 실수가 자주 발생합니다. ❌ 실수 1: to 누락 ✗ You are expected arrive early. ✓ You are expected to arrive early. ❌ 실수 2: to 뒤에 동사원형 미사용 ✗ She is allowed to leaving early. ✓ She is allowed to leave early. ✗ We are required to submitted the form. ✓ We are required to submit the form. ❌ 실수 3: 능동태로 쓸 때 사람 주어 혼동 ✗ The teacher required to students to submit... ✓ Students are required to submit... (수동) ✓ The teacher required students to submit... (능동) ❌ 실수 4: 부정의 위치 ✗ You are expected to not be late. ✓ You are not expected to be late. (not은 be 뒤) ⚠️ 예외: be allowed 부정 • You are not allowed to smoke. (✓ 일반적) • You are allowed not to participate. (△ 가능하지만 드묾) → 보통 not은 be 뒤에 위치합니다.
be expected to: 기대·예측 표현
'be expected to'는 '~할 것으로 기대/예상된다'는 의미로, 뉴스·비즈니스·일상에서 자주 사용됩니다. 📌 미래 예측: • The economy is expected to grow by 3%. (경제가 3% 성장할 것으로 예상된다) • Prices are expected to rise next month. • The rain is expected to stop by evening. • The project is expected to be completed in June. 📌 행동 기대: • Employees are expected to dress professionally. (직원은 단정하게 옷 입어야 한다) • Students are expected to attend all classes. • Guests are expected to check out by 11 AM. 📌 부정: • This is not expected to cause any problems. • The situation is not expected to improve soon. 📌 과거: • She was expected to win, but she lost. • The package was expected to arrive today. 📌 완료형 (결과와 다른 기대): • He was expected to have finished by now. (지금쯤 끝냈어야 했는데...) 💡 'be expected to'는 'will probably'보다 격식적이고 객관적인 톤을 만듭니다.
be allowed to / be permitted to: 허가 표현
'be allowed to'와 'be permitted to'는 '~해도 된다/~하는 것이 허가된다'는 의미입니다. 📌 be allowed to (일반적, 일상+격식 모두): • You are allowed to bring one bag. (가방 하나 가져와도 됩니다) • Children under 12 are not allowed to watch this movie. • Are we allowed to take photos here? • I wasn't allowed to leave early. 📌 be permitted to (더 격식적, 법률/규정): • Visitors are not permitted to enter this area. • Smoking is not permitted on school grounds. • Passengers are permitted to carry one piece of hand luggage. 📌 비교: can/may vs be allowed to • You can park here. (구어, 비격식) • You are allowed to park here. (규정 느낌) • You may park here. (격식, 안내문) • Parking is permitted in designated areas only. (매우 격식) 📌 과거: • We weren't allowed to use calculators in the exam. • They weren't permitted to cross the border. 💡 'be allowed to'는 외부 규칙에 의한 허가를 강조합니다. 'can'은 능력과 허가 모두 가능해서 모호할 수 있습니다.
be required to / be asked to / be told to
의무·요청·지시를 나타내는 수동태 + to부정사 표현들: 📌 be required to (~해야 한다, 의무): • All passengers are required to fasten their seatbelts. • Applicants are required to submit two references. • You are required to show your ID at the entrance. • Students are required to complete 40 hours of community service. 📌 be asked to (~하도록 요청받다): • Visitors are asked to turn off their phones. • She was asked to give a speech at the event. • We were asked to wait in the lobby. • I've been asked to lead the new project. 📌 be told to (~하라고 들다/지시받다): • I was told to report to Room 302. • We were told to arrive 30 minutes early. • The children were told not to run in the hallway. • She was told to see the doctor immediately. 📌 강도 비교: be told to (지시) > be required to (규정 의무) > be asked to (요청) > be expected to (기대) 💡 비즈니스에서: 'be required to'는 규정상 의무, 'be asked to'는 상사의 요청을 전달할 때 자연스럽습니다.
실생활 활용: 규칙·안내·뉴스
이 구문들이 실제로 사용되는 맥락을 살펴봅니다. ✈️ 공항/비행기: • Passengers are required to show valid ID. • You are allowed to carry liquids up to 100ml. • Electronic devices are expected to be turned off during takeoff. • Passengers are asked to remain seated. 🏥 병원: • Patients are required to fast before the surgery. • Visitors are not allowed to enter the ICU. • You will be asked to sign a consent form. • Recovery is expected to take about two weeks. 🏢 직장: • New employees are required to complete orientation. • You are expected to meet deadlines consistently. • Staff are asked to keep the kitchen clean. • Overtime is not expected to exceed 10 hours per month. 📰 뉴스: • The president is expected to announce new policies. • The suspect is reported to have fled the country. • Citizens are being asked to conserve water. • The new law is expected to take effect in January. 이 표현들을 자유자재로 쓸 수 있으면 격식 영어 능력이 크게 향상됩니다.
연습문제
【초급】 빈칸을 채우세요. 1. Students _____ (expect) to arrive on time. → are expected 2. You _____ (not allow) to smoke here. → are not allowed 3. We _____ (require) to wear uniforms. → are required 【중급】 능동태를 수동태 + to부정사로 바꾸세요. 4. The company expects employees to work 40 hours. → Employees are expected to work 40 hours. 5. They don't allow visitors to take photos. → Visitors are not allowed to take photos. 6. The doctor told me to rest for a week. → I was told to rest for a week. 【고급】 다음 상황을 영작하세요. 7. 경제는 올해 5% 성장할 것으로 예상된다. → The economy is expected to grow by 5% this year. 8. 모든 지원자는 면접에 참석해야 합니다. → All applicants are required to attend the interview. 9. 방문객들은 마스크를 착용하도록 요청받습니다. → Visitors are asked to wear masks. 10. 그녀는 이길 것으로 예상되었지만 졌다. → She was expected to win, but she lost.
FAQ & 핵심 요약
Q1: 'be expected to'와 'be supposed to'의 차이는? A: expected to = 예측/기대(격식), supposed to = 규칙/약속/소문(비격식). "It's expected to rain"(예보 느낌) vs "It's supposed to rain"(~이래/~라고 한다) Q2: 'be allowed to'와 'can'을 언제 구분하나요? A: allowed to는 규칙/규정에 의한 허가를 강조합니다. 안내문, 규정, 격식 상황에서는 'be allowed to'가 적절합니다. 일상 대화에서는 can이 자연스럽습니다. Q3: 'be required to'와 'must'의 차이는? A: 의미는 비슷하지만, 'be required to'는 외부 규정을 강조하고 'must'는 화자의 판단도 포함합니다. 공식 문서에서는 'be required to'가 선호됩니다. 📋 핵심 요약: 1️⃣ 구조: be + p.p. + to + 동사원형 2️⃣ expected to(예측), allowed to(허가), required to(의무), asked to(요청), told to(지시) 3️⃣ 부정: be + not + p.p. + to (not은 be 뒤) 4️⃣ 격식·공식 문서에서 특히 자주 사용 5️⃣ 능동 → 수동 변환: The company expects us to... → We are expected to...
Examples
가격이 다음 분기에 오를 것으로 예상된다. — Prices are expected to rise next quarter.
12세 미만 아동은 입장이 허용되지 않는다. — Children under 12 are not allowed to enter.
직원들은 교육에 참석해야 한다. — Employees are required to attend the training.
그는 공개적으로 사과하도록 강요받았다. — He was forced to apologize publicly.
다크 초콜릿은 스트레스를 줄이는 것으로 알려져 있다. — Dark chocolate is known to reduce stress.
Common Mistakes
Incorrect: Students are not allowed use phones. → Correct: Students are not allowed to use phones.. be allowed 뒤에 to가 반드시 필요합니다.
Incorrect: She was expected arrive by noon. → Correct: She was expected to arrive by noon.. be expected 뒤에 to + 동사원형입니다.
Incorrect: He is considered be an expert. → Correct: He is considered to be an expert.. be considered 뒤에 to be가 필요합니다.
Quiz
All passengers ___ wear seatbelts.
be required to + 동사원형 구조입니다.
The project ___ be completed by December.
is expected to(~할 것으로 예상된다)가 올바른 수동태 구조입니다.