영어 수동태 마스터: It is said that / be supposed to
전해지는 말이나 기대를 표현할 때 비인칭 수동태 구문을 사용한다
Category: 수동태 (Passive Voice)
It is said that 구문의 의미와 구조
영어에서 '~라고 한다/~라고 알려져 있다'를 표현할 때 'It is said that...' 구문을 사용합니다. 이는 보도·소문·일반적 믿음을 전달하는 비인칭 수동태입니다. 📌 기본 구조: It is said/believed/thought/reported/known that + 주어 + 동사 예시: • It is said that he is very rich. (그가 매우 부유하다고 한다) • It is believed that the Earth is 4.5 billion years old. • It is thought that the suspect fled the country. • It is reported that 50 people were injured. • It is known that smoking causes cancer. 📌 사용 가능한 동사들: say, believe, think, report, know, expect, consider, estimate, fear, hope, understand, assume, claim, allege, suppose, rumor 💡 왜 이 구문을 쓰는가? 1. 정보의 출처를 모호하게 할 때 (누가 말했는지 밝히지 않음) 2. 객관적·격식적 톤 (뉴스, 학술) 3. 화자가 직접 확인하지 않은 정보를 전달할 때
두 가지 수동태 변환: It is said that vs 주어 + is said to
능동태 'People say that he is honest'는 두 가지 수동태로 변환됩니다. 📌 변환 1: It + 수동 + that절 People say that he is honest. → It is said that he is honest. 📌 변환 2: 주어 + be + said + to부정사 People say that he is honest. → He is said to be honest. ⚠️ 시제 일치 주의: 같은 시제 (that절 동사 = 주절 동사): → to + 동사원형 • It is said that she works hard. → She is said to work hard. 앞선 시제 (that절 동사가 더 과거): → to have + p.p. • It is said that he lived in Paris. → He is said to have lived in Paris. • It is believed that she won the prize. → She is believed to have won the prize. 진행 시제: → to be + ~ing • It is reported that they are planning a strike. → They are reported to be planning a strike. 이 변환은 IELTS, TOEIC, 공무원 시험에서 매우 자주 출제됩니다.
be supposed to: 의미와 3가지 용법
'be supposed to'는 수동태에서 파생된 표현으로, 3가지 핵심 의미를 가집니다. 📌 1. 의무·기대 (~해야 한다, ~하기로 되어 있다) • You're supposed to wear a uniform. (교복을 입어야 한다) • I'm supposed to meet her at 3. (3시에 만나기로 했다) • We're supposed to hand in the report today. (오늘 제출하기로 되어 있다) 📌 2. 일반적 믿음 (~라고 한다) • This restaurant is supposed to be excellent. (이 레스토랑 정말 좋다고 한다) • He's supposed to be the best doctor in town. (최고의 의사라고 한다) • It's supposed to rain tomorrow. (내일 비 온다고 한다) 📌 3. 부정: not supposed to (~하면 안 된다) • You're not supposed to park here. (여기 주차하면 안 됨) • We're not supposed to tell anyone. (아무에게도 말하면 안 됨) • You're not supposed to use your phone in class. 💡 'should'와의 차이: • should: 화자의 조언/의견 (I think you should...) • be supposed to: 외부 규칙/기대/약속 (규칙상 ~해야 한다)
한국어 화자의 L1 간섭과 흔한 실수
한국어에서 '~라고 한다'와 '~하기로 되어 있다'를 영어로 옮길 때 흔히 범하는 실수들: ❌ It is said that 구문 실수: 1. that절 안에 불필요한 수동태: ✗ It is said that the building was constructed is old. ✓ It is said that the building is old. 2. 주어 + is said to 시제 불일치: ✗ He is said to lived in London. (to + 과거형 불가) ✓ He is said to have lived in London. (과거 → to have p.p.) 3. 직역 오류: ✗ It is said as he is smart. (as 사용 불가) ✓ It is said that he is smart. ❌ be supposed to 실수: 4. supposed 철자/발음 오류: ✗ I'm suppose to... / I'm supposing to... ✓ I'm supposed to... 5. to 뒤에 동사원형 미사용: ✗ You're supposed to going. ✓ You're supposed to go. 6. 과거 의미 혼동: ✗ I was supposed to meeting him yesterday. ✓ I was supposed to meet him yesterday. (만나기로 했는데 못 만남)
실생활 활용: 뉴스·소문·규칙 표현
이 구문들이 실제로 어떤 맥락에서 사용되는지 살펴봅니다. 📰 뉴스 보도: • It is reported that the death toll has risen to 50. • The company is said to be planning layoffs. • It is believed that the hacker is based in Eastern Europe. • The damage is estimated to exceed $10 million. 💬 일상 대화 (소문/평판): • That new cafe is supposed to be really good. • She's supposed to be a genius at math. • He's said to own three houses. • This book is supposed to change your life. 🏢 직장 규칙/기대: • We're supposed to clock in by 9 AM. • You're not supposed to share your password. • Employees are supposed to wear ID badges at all times. • I was supposed to finish this yesterday. (했어야 했는데 못함 — 후회/변명) 🌤️ 날씨 예보: • It's supposed to snow tonight. • Tomorrow is supposed to be sunny. • The weekend isn't supposed to be too cold. 💡 'be supposed to'는 will/shall보다 부드러운 미래 표현으로도 자주 쓰입니다.
유사 표현 비교: said/believed/thought/reported/supposed
보도·소문 수동태 동사들의 뉘앙스 차이를 비교합니다. 📌 It is said that... = ~라고 한다 (가장 일반적, 출처 불분명) • It is said that cats have nine lives. 📌 It is believed that... = ~라고 믿어진다 (강한 확신) • It is widely believed that exercise improves mental health. 📌 It is thought that... = ~라고 생각된다 (전문가 의견) • It is thought that the universe began with the Big Bang. 📌 It is reported that... = ~라고 보도된다 (뉴스 출처) • It is reported that the CEO will resign. 📌 It is known that... = ~라고 알려져 있다 (확인된 사실) • It is well known that water boils at 100°C. 📌 be supposed to = ~하기로 되어 있다 (의무/기대/소문) • You're supposed to arrive early. (의무) • It's supposed to be a great movie. (소문) 📌 뉘앙스 강도: known (확실) > believed (강한 추정) > thought (추정) > said (전해지는) > supposed (소문/기대) > rumored/alleged (미확인)
단계별 연습문제
【초급】 다음 능동태를 It is said that... 구문으로 바꾸세요. 1. People say that this temple is 1000 years old. → It is said that this temple is 1000 years old. 2. Everyone believes that he is innocent. → It is believed that he is innocent. 3. They report that the storm will hit tomorrow. → It is reported that the storm will hit tomorrow. 【중급】 '주어 + is said to...' 구문으로 바꾸세요. 4. It is said that she speaks five languages. → She is said to speak five languages. 5. It is believed that he left the country last year. → He is believed to have left the country last year. 6. It is reported that they are building a new factory. → They are reported to be building a new factory. 【고급】 be supposed to를 사용하여 문장을 완성하세요. 7. (규칙) 직원들은 9시까지 출근하기로 되어 있다. → Employees are supposed to arrive by 9. 8. (소문) 이 영화 엄청 재밌다고 한다. → This movie is supposed to be amazing. 9. (과거 미이행) 어제 그녀를 만나기로 했는데 못 갔다. → I was supposed to meet her yesterday, but I couldn't make it.
FAQ & 핵심 요약
Q1: 'It is said that'과 'They say that'의 차이는? A: 의미는 같지만, 'It is said that'이 더 격식적입니다. 학술/뉴스에서는 It is said가, 일상에서는 They say가 자연스럽습니다. Q2: 'be supposed to'와 'be expected to'의 차이는? A: supposed to = 규칙/약속/소문 (좀 더 비격식), expected to = 기대/예측 (좀 더 격식). "It's supposed to rain" ≈ "It's expected to rain" Q3: 'was supposed to'는 항상 '못 했다'는 의미인가요? A: 대부분 그렇습니다. "I was supposed to call her" = 전화하기로 했는데 (안 했거나 못 했다는 뉘앙스). 하지만 문맥에 따라 단순 예정 서술도 가능합니다. Q4: 'It is rumored that'도 같은 패턴인가요? A: 네! It is rumored that they're getting divorced. = They are rumored to be getting divorced. 📋 핵심 요약: 1️⃣ It is said/believed/thought that... = 비인칭 보도 수동태 2️⃣ 주어 + is said to... = 동일 의미의 인칭 수동태 3️⃣ to have p.p. = that절 동사가 주절보다 앞선 시제일 때 4️⃣ be supposed to = 의무/기대/소문 (3가지 의미) 5️⃣ was supposed to = ~하기로 했는데 (미이행 암시)
Examples
연습이 완벽을 만든다고 한다. — It is said that practice makes perfect.
그녀가 최고의 후보라고 여겨진다. — She is believed to be the best candidate.
여기서는 신발을 벗어야 해. — You're supposed to take off your shoes here.
그는 한 시간 전에 여기 있었어야 했어. — He was supposed to be here an hour ago.
그 회사가 문을 닫을 것이라고 보도되었다. — It is reported that the company will close.
Common Mistakes
Incorrect: It is said that he is said to be a genius. → Correct: It is said that he is a genius. / He is said to be a genius.. 두 구조를 섞지 마세요. 하나만 선택하세요.
Incorrect: I am suppose to call you. → Correct: I am supposed to call you.. supposed(과거분사)이어야 합니다. suppose는 틀립니다.
Incorrect: You supposed to wear a helmet. → Correct: You're supposed to wear a helmet.. be동사(are/is)가 반드시 필요합니다.
Quiz
'People say that he is rich.' = It ___ that he is rich.
It is said that...은 비인칭 수동태입니다.
You ___ to drive without a license.
be not supposed to가 올바른 구조입니다.